See -em on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Related to më, mu, mua (“me”) and im (“my, mine”). -em is the Tosk and Standard Albanian variant of the Gheg personal suffix -na (“I, me”). The suffix -em (“I, me”) indicates the 1st person singular, mediopassive, present (same as Gheg -na). Used the same way as Greek verb suffix \"-μαι/-mai\" (also 1st pers., sg., mediopassive, indicative, present).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-hna",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Gheg"
]
},
{
"form": "-hëm",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Gheg",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"form": "-nem",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Tosk",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-hem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-hna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-na"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 4 5 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 2 2 7 4 1 6 10 9 5 8 0 4 0 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 1 1 6 3 1 7 10 10 5 8 0 4 0 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the 1st person singular present tense of verbs in mediopassive voice (indicative mood)."
],
"id": "en--em-sq-suffix-8WAZOTeY",
"links": [
[
"present",
"present"
],
[
"tense",
"tense"
],
[
"mediopassive voice",
"mediopassive voice"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative"
],
[
"mood",
"mood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal suffix) used to form the 1st person singular present tense of verbs in mediopassive voice (indicative mood)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"personal",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "active bëj (“I do, make, appear”) + h (mediopassive marker) + -em → mediopassive bëhem (“I become, turn into”)"
},
{
"text": "active zbeh (“I make white(er), pale(er)”) + -em → mediopassive zbehem (“I'm getting pale(er), white(er)”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs in mediopassive voice from active voice"
],
"id": "en--em-sq-suffix-08CKPx6R",
"links": [
[
"verbs",
"verb#English"
],
[
"mediopassive voice",
"mediopassive voice#English"
],
[
"active voice",
"active voice#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "adjective shkurt (“short”) + o-stem + h (mediopassive marker) + -em → mediopassive verb shkurtohem (“I become shorter”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms mediopassive verbs from adjectives"
],
"id": "en--em-sq-suffix-CDDTmDXE",
"links": [
[
"mediopassive",
"mediopassive#English"
],
[
"verbs",
"verb#English"
],
[
"adjectives",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 4 5 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Standard Albanian/Tosk personal suffixes for verbs"
],
"id": "en--em-sq-suffix-o~MWDIef",
"links": [
[
"Albanian",
"Albanian"
],
[
"Tosk",
"Tosk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Standard Albanian/Tosk personal suffixes for verbs:"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/em/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɛm]"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bi",
"2": "en",
"3": "him//'em<t:them>"
},
"expansion": "English him /'em (“them”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English him /'em (“them”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-im",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-m",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-rem",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"raw_tags": [
"before an object"
],
"tags": [
"alternative",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bi",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bislama",
"lang_code": "bi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bislama entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"english": "You and I will roast [food].",
"text": "Bae yumitu rus.",
"translation": "You and I will roast [food].",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"english": "You and I will roast taro.",
"text": "Bae yumitu rusum taro.",
"translation": "You and I will roast taro.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
25
]
],
"english": "My mum is always stealing.",
"text": "Mami blong mi i stap stil oltaem.",
"translation": "My mum is always stealing.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"english": "My mum is always stealing my money.",
"text": "Mami blong mi i stilim mane blong mi oltaem.",
"translation": "My mum is always stealing my money.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
27
]
],
"english": "The bank wants me [= object] to pay a fine because I am in overdraft.",
"ref": "2008, Miriam Meyerhoff, “7.3 Method”, in Social Lives in Language — Sociolinguistics and Multilingual Speech Communities: Celebrating the Work of Gillian Sankoff, →ISBN, page 344:",
"text": "Bang i wantem mi faen from mi ovaspen.",
"translation": "The bank wants me [= object] to pay a fine because I am in overdraft.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks a transitive verb"
],
"id": "en--em-bi-suffix-pRWn6AI0",
"links": [
[
"transitive verb",
"Appendix:Glossary#transitive_verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-em/"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēmus, the active ending for the first person plural in the Latin second conjugation. The final *-us was lost due to analogy with the Latin second declension (which also ended in -us); had that not been lost, the result would have been *-emos or *-emes. Displaced -āmus, the active ending of the first person plural, which likely would have yielded *-amos or *-ames (or *-am, with loss of the final *-us).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the first person plural present indicative of first and second conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--em-ca-suffix-HkvI3P6y",
"links": [
[
"first",
"-ar#Catalan"
],
[
"second",
"-re#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"our (exclusive)"
],
"id": "en--em-chk-suffix-iJ3yTFtt",
"links": [
[
"our",
"our"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to possessive nouns) our (exclusive)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to possessive nouns"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ai"
},
{
"word": "nei"
},
{
"word": "-ei"
},
{
"word": "omw"
},
{
"word": "om"
},
{
"word": "noum"
},
{
"word": "-om"
},
{
"word": "an"
},
{
"word": "noun"
},
{
"word": "-an"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "ämach"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "nöu̇mnöüch"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "-em-ach"
},
{
"word": "ämi"
},
{
"word": "ami"
},
{
"word": "noumi"
},
{
"word": "-emi"
},
{
"word": "ar"
},
{
"word": "nour"
},
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ett",
"2": "romanization"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Etruscan",
"lang_code": "ett",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-𐌄𐌌"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Etruscan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Etruscan romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Etruscan terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of -𐌄𐌌"
],
"id": "en--em-ett-romanization-1uHyJWAy",
"links": [
[
"-𐌄𐌌",
"-𐌄𐌌#Etruscan"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-em"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -em",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-umē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-umē",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -em, -eme, from Proto-West Germanic *-umē.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"masculine and neuter dative suffix, used in most determiners/pronouns and in strong adjectives"
],
"id": "en--em-de-suffix-wnsVnLau",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əm/"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Through reduction of the unstressed syllable.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "placename suffix",
"word": "-heim"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Ahlem"
},
{
"word": "Ahrem"
},
{
"word": "Baasem"
},
{
"word": "Bachem"
},
{
"word": "Badem"
},
{
"word": "Blessem"
},
{
"word": "Bockenem"
},
{
"word": "Bredelem"
},
{
"word": "Broitzem"
},
{
"word": "Cochem"
},
{
"word": "Dahlem"
},
{
"word": "Deesem"
},
{
"word": "Eulgem"
},
{
"word": "Fließem"
},
{
"word": "Gilzem"
},
{
"word": "Horrem"
},
{
"word": "Katzem"
},
{
"word": "Ließem"
},
{
"word": "Luxem"
},
{
"word": "Mehlem"
},
{
"word": "Niederaussem"
},
{
"word": "Pickließem"
},
{
"word": "Rethem"
},
{
"word": "Sehlem"
},
{
"word": "Spangdahlem"
},
{
"word": "Stedem"
},
{
"word": "Stockem"
},
{
"word": "Uedem"
},
{
"word": "Wehdem"
},
{
"word": "Wierschem"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -heim (placename suffix)"
],
"id": "en--em-de-suffix-TVyS~RkN",
"links": [
[
"-heim",
"-heim#German"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Sechtem"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛm/"
},
{
"other": "/əm/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛm/"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φώνημα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Phonem"
},
"expansion": "German Phonem",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately a backformation from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma), whence German Phonem.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-em n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "de:Linguistics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 10 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-eme"
],
"id": "en--em-de-suffix-NCe1R0ah",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"-eme",
"-eme"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) -eme"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːm/"
},
{
"audio": "De--em.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/De--em.ogg/De--em.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/De--em.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "person-marking"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-infl-nom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "front unrounded harmony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-e-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emmel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emmé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emül",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emben",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnél",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-embe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emhez",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emből",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emről",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emtől",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eméi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-eme",
"2": "e",
"esm_sg": "y",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "hu-infl-nom"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 2 10 17 16 9 13 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 29 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "eszik (“to eat”) + -em → eszem (“I eat, I am eating”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ik verbs."
],
"id": "en--em-hu-suffix-hu:personal_indefinite",
"links": [
[
"indicative",
"Appendix:Glossary#indicative"
],
[
"-ik",
"-ik#Hungarian:_lemma"
]
],
"qualifier": "indefinite conjugation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal suffix, indefinite conjugation) Forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ik verbs."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:personal indefinite"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"personal",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 2 10 17 16 9 13 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 29 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ért (“to understand”) + -em → értem (“I understand [him/her/it]”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the definite first-person singular present indicative of verbs."
],
"id": "en--em-hu-suffix-hu:personal_definite",
"links": [
[
"definite",
"Appendix:Glossary#definite"
],
[
"first-person",
"Appendix:Glossary#first person"
],
[
"indicative",
"Appendix:Glossary#indicative"
]
],
"qualifier": "definite conjugation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal suffix, definite conjugation) Forms the definite first-person singular present indicative of verbs."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:personal definite"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"personal",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 29 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kert (“garden”) + -em → kertem (“my garden”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"my (first-person singular, single possession)"
],
"id": "en--em-hu-suffix-hu:possessive",
"links": [
[
"my",
"my"
],
[
"first-person",
"Appendix:Glossary#first person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possessive suffix) my (first-person singular, single possession)"
],
"senseid": [
"hu:possessive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"possessive",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "noun-forming"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-infl-nom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "front unrounded harmony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-e-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emeket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emeknek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emmel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekkel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emmé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emül",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekül",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emben",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekben",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-emeken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnél",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emeknél",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-embe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emhez",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekhez",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emből",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekből",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emről",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekről",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emtől",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emektől",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emeké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eméi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekéi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-emem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emeim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emed",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emeid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-emei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-emünk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-emeink",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-emetek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-emeitek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-emük",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-emeik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-eme",
"2": "e",
"esm_pl": "y",
"esm_sg": "y"
},
"name": "hu-infl-nom"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 2 10 17 16 9 13 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 29 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 19 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "jel (“sign”) + -em → jellem (“character”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "szél (“wind”) + -em → szellem (“ghost, spirit”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "illik (“to suit, to be proper”) + -em → illem (“good manners, proper behaviour”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun. A final single -l may become long -ll-."
],
"id": "en--em-hu-suffix-hu:noun_forming",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "noun-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun. A final single -l may become long -ll-."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:noun-forming"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɛm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_text": "See -ēs (“suffix forming third-declension feminine abstract nouns”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ẽ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-em f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-em"
]
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ēs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of -ēs"
],
"id": "en--em-la-suffix-ML3mk19O",
"links": [
[
"-ēs",
"-es#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ẽː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[em]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ẽ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-em"
]
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 86 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 83 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 85 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "first conjugation",
"word": "-ō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)"
],
"id": "en--em-la-suffix-xJaqsdp0",
"links": [
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_adverb"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ẽː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[em]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ẽ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-em"
]
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of -s"
],
"id": "en--em-la-suffix-~Aiur3bs",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ẽː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[em]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "occupational"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-mū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-mū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-mō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-mū, from Proto-Indo-European *-mō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-n-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-emna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-eman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-am",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "masculine suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-em m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-emain",
"2": "-eman",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sga-decl-n-mf"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-emain+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_du4": "",
"acc_pl": "-emna+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-emain+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"acc_sg4": "",
"acc_sg5": "",
"class": "n-m",
"dat_du": "-emnaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-emnaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-emain+L",
"dat_sg2": "-em+L",
"dat_sg3": "",
"dat_sg4": "",
"dat_sg5": "",
"dat_sg6": "",
"gen_du": "-eman+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-eman+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "-eman",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "-emain+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_du4": "",
"nom_pl": "-emain",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-em",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"nom_sg4": "",
"voc_du": "-emain+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_du4": "",
"voc_pl": "-emna+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-em",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": "",
"voc_sg4": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "flaith (“rule”) + -em → flaithem (“ruler”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "breth (“judgement”) + -em → brithem (“judge”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fíach (“debt”) + -em → féchem (“debtor”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms occupational nouns."
],
"id": "en--em-sga-suffix-yjl3WcCV",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əβ̃/"
},
{
"ipa": "[eβ̃]"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-amh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-amh"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verbnoun"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-īmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-īmā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -i",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*-iβ̃"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-iβ̃",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-īmā, a verbal noun suffix for -ī- verbs in Celtic. Cognate with Welsh -i, from Proto-Brythonic *-iβ̃.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-im",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-me",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-im",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-am",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "feminine suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-em f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-im",
"gen_sg": "-me",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-im+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "-ema+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-im+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "ā-f",
"dat_du": "-emaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-emaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-im+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "-em+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-em+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "-me+H",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "s",
"nom_du": "-im+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "-ema+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-em+L",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "-im+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "-ema+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-em+L",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 2 10 17 16 9 13 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "feithid (“to watch over”) + -em → fethem (“watching over”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "moídid (“to boast”) + -em → moídem (“boasting”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ad·gládathar (“to converse with”) + -em → acaldam (“conversation”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbal nouns of class A II weak verbs with roots ending in dentals."
],
"id": "en--em-sga-suffix-FQ-0Hjub",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əβ̃/"
},
{
"ipa": "[eβ̃]"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pis",
"2": "en",
"3": "him//'em<t:them>"
},
"expansion": "English him /'em (“them”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English him /'em (“them”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-im",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-m",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-rem",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pis",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pijin",
"lang_code": "pis",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pijin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"english": "They cook [food].",
"text": "Olketa kuk.",
"translation": "They cook [food].",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "They cook that rice.",
"text": "Olketa kukum raes ia.",
"translation": "They cook that rice.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "S/he shoots.",
"text": "Hemi sut.",
"translation": "S/he shoots.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"english": "S/he shoots his/her dog.",
"text": "Hemi sutim dok blong hem.",
"translation": "S/he shoots his/her dog.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks a transitive verb"
],
"id": "en--em-pis-suffix-pRWn6AI0",
"links": [
[
"transitive verb",
"Appendix:Glossary#transitive_verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:-em<ety:inh<sla-pro:*-emь><sla-pro:*-ъ̀mь><sla-pro:*-ь̀mь>>",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-emь\nProto-Slavic *-ъ̀mь\nProto-Slavic *-ь̀mь\nOld Polish -em\nPolish -em\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-em\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-em\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"-em\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-em",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish -em",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-em"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -em",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-emь/-ъ̀mь/-ь̀mь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-emь/-ъ̀mь/-ь̀mь",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-emь\nProto-Slavic *-ъ̀mь\nProto-Slavic *-ь̀mь\nOld Polish -em\nPolish -em\nInherited from Old Polish -em, from Proto-Slavic *-emь/-ъ̀mь/-ь̀mь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iem",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-em"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"em"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the instrumental singular of nouns of declension types: masculine I, II, III, IV, V; neuter I, II, III, IV, V"
],
"id": "en--em-pl-suffix-XzTiPgGJ",
"links": [
[
"instrumental",
"Appendix:Glossary#instrumental_case"
],
[
"singular",
"Appendix:Glossary#singular_number"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rmy",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Vlax Romani",
"lang_code": "rmy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vlax Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Attaches to the perfective stem to form the first-person singular past tense."
],
"id": "en--em-rmy-suffix-bOBnQC8x",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An inanimate collective morpheme for a group of things"
],
"id": "en--em-vo-suffix-hut8UZm4",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person plural imperfect/conditional"
],
"id": "en--em-cy-suffix-sDQwjJ1j",
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"imperfect",
"imperfect#English"
],
[
"conditional",
"conditional#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) verb suffix for the first-person plural imperfect/conditional"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛm/"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian suffixes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_text": "Related to më, mu, mua (“me”) and im (“my, mine”). -em is the Tosk and Standard Albanian variant of the Gheg personal suffix -na (“I, me”). The suffix -em (“I, me”) indicates the 1st person singular, mediopassive, present (same as Gheg -na). Used the same way as Greek verb suffix \"-μαι/-mai\" (also 1st pers., sg., mediopassive, indicative, present).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-hna",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Gheg"
]
},
{
"form": "-hëm",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Gheg",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"form": "-nem",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Tosk",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-hem"
},
{
"word": "-hna"
},
{
"word": "-na"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used to form the 1st person singular present tense of verbs in mediopassive voice (indicative mood)."
],
"links": [
[
"present",
"present"
],
[
"tense",
"tense"
],
[
"mediopassive voice",
"mediopassive voice"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative"
],
[
"mood",
"mood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal suffix) used to form the 1st person singular present tense of verbs in mediopassive voice (indicative mood)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"personal",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "active bëj (“I do, make, appear”) + h (mediopassive marker) + -em → mediopassive bëhem (“I become, turn into”)"
},
{
"text": "active zbeh (“I make white(er), pale(er)”) + -em → mediopassive zbehem (“I'm getting pale(er), white(er)”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs in mediopassive voice from active voice"
],
"links": [
[
"verbs",
"verb#English"
],
[
"mediopassive voice",
"mediopassive voice#English"
],
[
"active voice",
"active voice#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "adjective shkurt (“short”) + o-stem + h (mediopassive marker) + -em → mediopassive verb shkurtohem (“I become shorter”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms mediopassive verbs from adjectives"
],
"links": [
[
"mediopassive",
"mediopassive#English"
],
[
"verbs",
"verb#English"
],
[
"adjectives",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Standard Albanian/Tosk personal suffixes for verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"Albanian",
"Albanian"
],
[
"Tosk",
"Tosk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Standard Albanian/Tosk personal suffixes for verbs:"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/em/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɛm]"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bi",
"2": "en",
"3": "him//'em<t:them>"
},
"expansion": "English him /'em (“them”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English him /'em (“them”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-im",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-m",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-rem",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"raw_tags": [
"before an object"
],
"tags": [
"alternative",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bi",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bislama",
"lang_code": "bi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bislama entries with incorrect language header",
"Bislama inflectional suffixes",
"Bislama lemmas",
"Bislama suffixes",
"Bislama terms derived from English",
"Bislama terms inherited from English",
"Bislama terms with quotations",
"Bislama terms with usage examples",
"French links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"english": "You and I will roast [food].",
"text": "Bae yumitu rus.",
"translation": "You and I will roast [food].",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"english": "You and I will roast taro.",
"text": "Bae yumitu rusum taro.",
"translation": "You and I will roast taro.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
25
]
],
"english": "My mum is always stealing.",
"text": "Mami blong mi i stap stil oltaem.",
"translation": "My mum is always stealing.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"english": "My mum is always stealing my money.",
"text": "Mami blong mi i stilim mane blong mi oltaem.",
"translation": "My mum is always stealing my money.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
27
]
],
"english": "The bank wants me [= object] to pay a fine because I am in overdraft.",
"ref": "2008, Miriam Meyerhoff, “7.3 Method”, in Social Lives in Language — Sociolinguistics and Multilingual Speech Communities: Celebrating the Work of Gillian Sankoff, →ISBN, page 344:",
"text": "Bang i wantem mi faen from mi ovaspen.",
"translation": "The bank wants me [= object] to pay a fine because I am in overdraft.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks a transitive verb"
],
"links": [
[
"transitive verb",
"Appendix:Glossary#transitive_verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-em/"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ēmus, the active ending for the first person plural in the Latin second conjugation. The final *-us was lost due to analogy with the Latin second declension (which also ended in -us); had that not been lost, the result would have been *-emos or *-emes. Displaced -āmus, the active ending of the first person plural, which likely would have yielded *-amos or *-ames (or *-am, with loss of the final *-us).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan suffixes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the first person plural present indicative of first and second conjugation verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"-ar#Catalan"
],
[
"second",
"-re#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ai"
},
{
"word": "nei"
},
{
"word": "-ei"
},
{
"word": "omw"
},
{
"word": "om"
},
{
"word": "noum"
},
{
"word": "-om"
},
{
"word": "an"
},
{
"word": "noun"
},
{
"word": "-an"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "ämach"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "nöu̇mnöüch"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive"
],
"word": "-em-ach"
},
{
"word": "ämi"
},
{
"word": "ami"
},
{
"word": "noumi"
},
{
"word": "-emi"
},
{
"word": "ar"
},
{
"word": "nour"
},
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chuukese lemmas",
"Chuukese suffixes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"our (exclusive)"
],
"links": [
[
"our",
"our"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(added to possessive nouns) our (exclusive)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to possessive nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ett",
"2": "romanization"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Etruscan",
"lang_code": "ett",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-𐌄𐌌"
}
],
"categories": [
"Etruscan entries with incorrect language header",
"Etruscan non-lemma forms",
"Etruscan romanizations",
"Etruscan terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of -𐌄𐌌"
],
"links": [
[
"-𐌄𐌌",
"-𐌄𐌌#Etruscan"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German inflectional suffixes",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-em"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -em",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-umē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-umē",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German -em, -eme, from Proto-West Germanic *-umē.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"masculine and neuter dative suffix, used in most determiners/pronouns and in strong adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əm/"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Ahlem"
},
{
"word": "Ahrem"
},
{
"word": "Baasem"
},
{
"word": "Bachem"
},
{
"word": "Badem"
},
{
"word": "Blessem"
},
{
"word": "Bockenem"
},
{
"word": "Bredelem"
},
{
"word": "Broitzem"
},
{
"word": "Cochem"
},
{
"word": "Dahlem"
},
{
"word": "Deesem"
},
{
"word": "Eulgem"
},
{
"word": "Fließem"
},
{
"word": "Gilzem"
},
{
"word": "Horrem"
},
{
"word": "Katzem"
},
{
"word": "Ließem"
},
{
"word": "Luxem"
},
{
"word": "Mehlem"
},
{
"word": "Niederaussem"
},
{
"word": "Pickließem"
},
{
"word": "Rethem"
},
{
"word": "Sehlem"
},
{
"word": "Spangdahlem"
},
{
"word": "Stedem"
},
{
"word": "Stockem"
},
{
"word": "Uedem"
},
{
"word": "Wehdem"
},
{
"word": "Wierschem"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Through reduction of the unstressed syllable.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "Sechtem"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "placename suffix",
"word": "-heim"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -heim (placename suffix)"
],
"links": [
[
"-heim",
"-heim#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛm/"
},
{
"other": "/əm/"
},
{
"other": "/ɛm/"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φώνημα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Phonem"
},
"expansion": "German Phonem",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately a backformation from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma), whence German Phonem.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-em n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"de:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"-eme"
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"-eme",
"-eme"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) -eme"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈeːm/"
},
{
"audio": "De--em.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/De--em.ogg/De--em.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/De--em.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Hungarian noun-forming suffixes",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛm",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "person-marking"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-infl-nom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "front unrounded harmony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-e-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emmel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emmé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emül",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emben",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnél",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-embe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emhez",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emből",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emről",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emtől",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eméi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-eme",
"2": "e",
"esm_sg": "y",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "hu-infl-nom"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "eszik (“to eat”) + -em → eszem (“I eat, I am eating”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ik verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"indicative",
"Appendix:Glossary#indicative"
],
[
"-ik",
"-ik#Hungarian:_lemma"
]
],
"qualifier": "indefinite conjugation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(personal suffix, indefinite conjugation) Forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ik verbs."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:personal indefinite"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"personal",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ért (“to understand”) + -em → értem (“I understand [him/her/it]”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the definite first-person singular present indicative of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"definite",
"Appendix:Glossary#definite"
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"Appendix:Glossary#indicative"
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},
{
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{
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{
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"Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
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"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 14 entries",
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{
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"terminative"
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"singular"
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},
{
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"essive-formal",
"plural"
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{
"form": "-emül",
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"singular"
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{
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"plural"
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{
"form": "-emben",
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"inessive",
"singular"
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{
"form": "-emekben",
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{
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]
},
{
"form": "-emeken",
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"superessive"
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{
"form": "-emnél",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emeknél",
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"adessive",
"plural"
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{
"form": "-embe",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "-emekbe",
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"plural"
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{
"form": "-emre",
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"sublative"
]
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{
"form": "-emekre",
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{
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"singular"
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},
{
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"plural"
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{
"form": "-emből",
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"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekből",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
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{
"form": "-emről",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emekről",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
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{
"form": "-emtől",
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"ablative",
"singular"
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{
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"plural"
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{
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{
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"table-tags"
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{
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"inflection-template"
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"possessed-single",
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"singular"
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{
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[
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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"dat_sg6": "",
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"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "-eman",
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"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
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"nom_du3": "",
"nom_du4": "",
"nom_pl": "-emain",
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"nom_pl3": "",
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"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"nom_sg4": "",
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"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_du4": "",
"voc_pl": "-emna+H",
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"voc_pl3": "",
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"voc_sg3": "",
"voc_sg4": ""
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],
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{
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{
"text": "fíach (“debt”) + -em → féchem (“debtor”)",
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],
"glosses": [
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],
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{
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{
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"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish noun-forming suffixes",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish uncountable nouns",
"Old Irish ā-stem nouns",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-amh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-amh"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verbnoun"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-īmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-īmā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -i",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*-iβ̃"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-iβ̃",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-īmā, a verbal noun suffix for -ī- verbs in Celtic. Cognate with Welsh -i, from Proto-Brythonic *-iβ̃.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-im",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-me",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-im",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-am",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "feminine suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-em f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-im",
"gen_sg": "-me",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-im+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "-ema+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-im+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "ā-f",
"dat_du": "-emaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-emaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-im+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "-em+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-em+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "-me+H",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "s",
"nom_du": "-im+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "-ema+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-em+L",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "-im+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "-ema+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-em+L",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "feithid (“to watch over”) + -em → fethem (“watching over”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "moídid (“to boast”) + -em → moídem (“boasting”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ad·gládathar (“to converse with”) + -em → acaldam (“conversation”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbal nouns of class A II weak verbs with roots ending in dentals."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əβ̃/"
},
{
"ipa": "[eβ̃]"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pis",
"2": "en",
"3": "him//'em<t:them>"
},
"expansion": "English him /'em (“them”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English him /'em (“them”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-im",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-m",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-rem",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pis",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pijin",
"lang_code": "pis",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pijin entries with incorrect language header",
"Pijin inflectional suffixes",
"Pijin lemmas",
"Pijin suffixes",
"Pijin terms derived from English",
"Pijin terms inherited from English",
"Pijin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"english": "They cook [food].",
"text": "Olketa kuk.",
"translation": "They cook [food].",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "They cook that rice.",
"text": "Olketa kukum raes ia.",
"translation": "They cook that rice.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "S/he shoots.",
"text": "Hemi sut.",
"translation": "S/he shoots.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"english": "S/he shoots his/her dog.",
"text": "Hemi sutim dok blong hem.",
"translation": "S/he shoots his/her dog.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks a transitive verb"
],
"links": [
[
"transitive verb",
"Appendix:Glossary#transitive_verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:-em<ety:inh<sla-pro:*-emь><sla-pro:*-ъ̀mь><sla-pro:*-ь̀mь>>",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-emь\nProto-Slavic *-ъ̀mь\nProto-Slavic *-ь̀mь\nOld Polish -em\nPolish -em\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-em\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-em\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"-em\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-em",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish -em",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-em"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -em",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-emь/-ъ̀mь/-ь̀mь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-emь/-ъ̀mь/-ь̀mь",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-emь\nProto-Slavic *-ъ̀mь\nProto-Slavic *-ь̀mь\nOld Polish -em\nPolish -em\nInherited from Old Polish -em, from Proto-Slavic *-emь/-ъ̀mь/-ь̀mь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iem",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-em"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"em"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛm",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛm/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"forms the instrumental singular of nouns of declension types: masculine I, II, III, IV, V; neuter I, II, III, IV, V"
],
"links": [
[
"instrumental",
"Appendix:Glossary#instrumental_case"
],
[
"singular",
"Appendix:Glossary#singular_number"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rmy",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Vlax Romani",
"lang_code": "rmy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vlax Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"Vlax Romani inflectional suffixes",
"Vlax Romani lemmas",
"Vlax Romani suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Attaches to the perfective stem to form the first-person singular past tense."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük lemmas",
"Volapük suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"An inanimate collective morpheme for a group of things"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh literary terms",
"Welsh suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"verb suffix for the first-person plural imperfect/conditional"
],
"links": [
[
"first-person",
"first person#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
],
[
"imperfect",
"imperfect#English"
],
[
"conditional",
"conditional#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) verb suffix for the first-person plural imperfect/conditional"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛm/"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -em meaning in All languages combined (41.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-attributive possessive – singular'",
"path": [
"-em"
],
"section": "Hungarian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-em",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-attributive possessive – plural'",
"path": [
"-em"
],
"section": "Hungarian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-em",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-attributive possessive – singular'",
"path": [
"-em"
],
"section": "Hungarian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-em",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-attributive possessive – plural'",
"path": [
"-em"
],
"section": "Hungarian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-em",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"-em"
],
"section": "Hungarian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-em",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 34"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"-em"
],
"section": "Hungarian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-em",
"trace": "started on line 1, detected on line 34"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"-em"
],
"section": "Hungarian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-em",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.